Menstrual disorders encompass a range of conditions that affect the menstrual cycle, including irregular periods, heavy bleeding (menorrhagia), painful periods (dysmenorrhea), and absent periods (amenorrhea). These disorders can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life and may indicate underlying health issues.

Irregular periods are characterized by variations in the length of the menstrual cycle or changes in the amount of menstrual bleeding. They can be caused by hormonal imbalances, stress, weight fluctuations, or underlying medical conditions.

Heavy menstrual bleeding, or menorrhagia, is defined as excessive or prolonged bleeding during menstruation. It can lead to fatigue, anemia, and disruption of daily activities. Causes may include hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, polyps, or bleeding disorders.

Painful periods, known as dysmenorrhea, are often accompanied by cramping, lower back pain, and other discomforts. This condition can be caused by hormonal changes, uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease.

Absent periods, or amenorrhea, refers to the absence of menstrual bleeding for three consecutive cycles in women who previously had regular periods. It can be primary (never having had a period) or secondary (periods cease after previously having them). Causes may include pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, excessive exercise, stress, or underlying medical conditions.

Seeking medical attention for menstrual disorders is important to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Treatment options may include hormonal therapy, medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle modifications, or surgical interventions, depending on the specific condition and its severity.