Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, grows outside the uterus. This tissue may be found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, outer surface of the uterus, or other organs within the pelvis.

The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by hormonal factors, genetic predisposition, and immune system dysfunction. Endometriosis lesions respond to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, leading to inflammation, scarring, and the formation of adhesions.

Common symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain, especially during menstruation, painful intercourse, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, and bowel or urinary symptoms during menstruation. However, the severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals, and some women may experience no symptoms at all.

Diagnosis of endometriosis typically involves a thorough medical history, pelvic examination, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI. The gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopic surgery, during which a surgeon can visualize and biopsy endometrial tissue for confirmation.

Treatment options for endometriosis aim to alleviate symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and improve quality of life. This may include pain management with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal therapies to suppress ovulation and reduce endometrial growth, or surgical intervention to remove endometrial implants and scar tissue.

In addition to medical treatment, lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, dietary changes, and stress management techniques may help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being for women with endometriosis.